Thursday, September 20, 2012

Book Reading 1: Design of Everyday Things

Book Talk:
I found this book to be interesting. The book go overs the studies of basically good design. Good design is consisted of many defining qualities. Some of the most obvious and apparent qualities are things such as simplicity when it come to design. The book has quite a few stories and examples from around the '80s that while somewhat comical, are very important and convey the main points of good design and point out examples of bad design as well. Many of the devices that were talked about in the book have been severally upgraded or no longer commonly exist. It's interesting to see the struggles and problems in good design in early electronics and devices. I'm curious as to how the book where to turn out if it had been written in modern time. Nowadays, we have LCD screens telling us the state of a device or function. We have smaller electronics that allow more room for controls. The smaller devices still pose a good design problem in figuring out just how small to create a device and if adding another control is worth the cost of size in a device. Some devices today have only a couple controls with far too many functions and actions. In the end, the book has given me a little more insight into good design. With this new-found knowledge, I can create things such as programs and interfaces that will become more user-friendly.

Chapter 1 Talk:
Chapter 1 discussed some of the most common problems with good design. The story of the fellow trapped between a set of doors is interesting. The time spent on aesthetics has caused some people some grief in using such a simple device such as a door. This unfortunately causes quite a lot of embarrassment for the people who fail to interpret the use of the door despite having no clues as to how to open the doors.

Chapter 2 Talk:
The most interesting point made in this chapter for me was the concept of Learned Helplessness. Learned helplessness is where a person feels helpless in performing a task if they are unable to complete it (often times if the user tries multiple times). This has been noticed quite a lot by me. I see professors who fail to understand how to properly use the teaching equipment on an almost regularly basis. Often times they blame themselves and claim they are dumb when it comes to computers. They believe they are technologically challenged. This always made me cringe a little because I never liked it when someone would beat themselves up for not knowing how to use the equipment.

Chapter 3 Talk:
The subsections on memory were an interesting read. I enjoyed learning about the differences in memory and how some people try to recall certain information. The use of notes has been a common choice for me personally.

Chapter 4 Talk:
I enjoyed the example of physical constraints and the Lego motorcycle. I grew up playing with Lego all the time. I never looked at how good of a design the Lego bricks are. I obviously knew that certain bricks can only fit certain ways with other bricks but I never fully appreciated the beauty of the design philosophy that Lego used. People would soon find out that if there were 2 incompatible bricks or a way that was incompatible, it would either be easily noticeable and avoided or people would find out by trying to combine the bricks and noticing an unsecured connection or combination of bricks.

Chapter 5 Talk:
 The difference in slips and mistakes is quite an interesting read. Often times I have caught myself performing a step wrong and my peers would make fun of me for it. I would be embarrassed and it would unfortunately stick with me all day. I would vow that I would never make the same "mistake" again. However, as it turns out, slips are most common in a skilled procedure or protocol for a person. The procedure becomes so routine that it becomes an almost subconscious task and if a error is made, it will often go unnoticed. The true definition of a mistake is by having a wrong goal set but performing the steps correctly.

Chapter 6 Talk:
The problem of designers focusing too much on aesthetics is a pretty big deal. Most designers do not get the recognition they deserve simply because something is not pretty enough, despite the functionality it may have. Designers with few visible elements and few "breaks" in the design are typically praised for their work. This causes problems however in use of the device and maintenance. A control may not be noticeable enough and may not be recognized by a large number of users. This can cause frustrations and problems in the device usage.

Chapter 7 Talk:
 Ah, designing for users. This was an interesting chapter since it sort of struck a chord with me due to my job. I see a wide array of professors. Some have trouble with the equipment, others don't. It's both fascinating and frustrating to see a professor who has studies years in the field of say Mathematics or Physics and can't figure out how to turn on the projector. Often times there are correlation between what professors teach and how well they know how to use the equipment. Many times they will make recommendations on how the equipment should behave and perform. Unfortunately  there are far too many different approaches. We have to standardize across the campus (the best we can) so professors don't have to learn about 20 different systems in order for them to use the equipment.

5 Examples of Good Design:


1. I have always liked the way a USB cable looked and the port as well. There is a noticeable click when plugging in a USB cable to let people know that it is connected. Also, the end of the cable is wide and sturdy, making it difficult to bend the end (unlike my power cable)

2. My trucks lights are set to a very interesting setting. This setting auto-detects the time of day it is and will turn on or off the lights accordingly without having to adjust it. It can also go back to ye-old standard manual switch for the lights


3. My headset while large is comfortable and allows for the microphone to be on either side without having to remove and re-attach it.


4. My laptops keyboard boasts a numpad with a button that automatically launches the Windows Calculator. This is a very handy feature since I perform simple calculations quite often on my laptop.


5. Again, talking about my laptop (I really do love it) The fan design is good. The laptops fans face the back, not the sides like a lot of other laptops I see. The hot air will push away from the laptop and away from any peripheral devices or body parts. The fans are also easy to get to for cleaning and maintenance.





5 Examples of Bad Design:

1. My truck unlocks the doors as soon as I put it in park. Now this is convent for most situations but the fear of someone trying to hijack or rob me from my truck has caused me to dislike this feature.


2. The auto-rotate feature is nice for most situations on my phone, however it's annoying whenever I am lying in bed and the image rotates when I do not want it too. I'm sure there is a setting somewhere to disable it but if there is, they put the option in an obscure menu somewhere because I can't find it.

3. Another problem with my phone is the alarm clock app. Whenever I make a new alarm, it will does not auto delete the alarm, it only "disables" it. This causes massive lists of obscure times for alarms that I must sift through and delete.

4. Skype not actually closing when hitting the X button. This only causes the application to go to the system tray. You have to either Sign-out or Quit the application.

5. I managed to come across an abandoned Ipod Nano. While I'm not much of an Apple product user, I thought, hey a free mp3 player. When I examined it, I was shocked that there was only one port which was obviously used for headphones. I spent the next half-hour trying to figure out on my own how in the world it connected to a computer before looking it up. Turns out there's a way to transfer songs onto the device through the headphone port. Weird.



Thursday, September 13, 2012

Article Reading #1: Minds, Brains, and Programs; The Chinese Room

To be blunt, I did not enjoy reading about the article. I had a very difficult time understanding just exactly what the paper is about. Fortunately for me, I had a better time reading the Wikipedia article on the Chinese Room.

I have always wondered if it's possible for man to create a true artificial intelligence. I usually end up with the conclusion that it is not possible. I believed that it is possible to mimic intelligence, but in the end, it is all programmed. I think that machines cannot make a "free choice". Any choices it seem to make would have to be a result of its programming. Is it possible humans or some other intelligent life are programmed? I don't know. When humans make decisions we often have moral values and gut feelings come into the decision making. Intelligence is not just about decision making either though.

Based upon my understanding of the article and the paper, Searle does not believe a true artificial intelligence. Consciousness is a complex phenomena that is impossible to replicate in a machine.  In the experiment, the computer can process certain symbols which hold no value or have no meaning. For humans though, there is a strong meaning behind symbols or words.

Artificial intelligence has been an interesting topic for me, but the difficulty in understanding it causes headaches. It's extremely hard for me to wrap my head around the possibility of a true artificial intelligence. However, I don't know what sort of advances will be made in computers in the next 50 or 100 years. About the closest thing to a true artificial intelligence that I can think of is actually some sort of living organism that is augmented into a computer, but this may be considered a cyborg like creation since. How to "hook up" an organism to a computer? Again, I don't know.

Tuesday, September 11, 2012

Book Reading 1: The Design in Everyday Things

A very interesting read. In the first chapter of The Design in Everyday things by Donald Norman, we explore how humans interpret the use of devices. Throughout the chapter, stories of users confusion and frustration of "everyday things" are talked about. For instance, a person is "trapped" between 2 set of doors; the outer perimeter doors and the inner perimeter doors. This example shows a lack in a key component of good design which is visibility. Visibility has to do with the correct parts being shown and they must convey the correct message. Because the doors all looked the same, the user couldn't tell how to properly use the doors. Another key component to consider in good design is affordance. Affordance refers to the perceived and actual properties of the thing, primarily those fundamental properties that determine just how the thing could possibly be used. Moving on, the chapter then talks about conceptual model, which is how we perceive how something works. Constraints provide limitations when using a device such as the holes where only a persons fingers can fit into in a pair of scissors. Mappings are relationships between 2 things. In the case of the examples used in the first chapter, this would be controls and movements in the real world. Feedback is used to let the user know something has happened. This can give a sign that the desired function was used and successful. As devices become more and more complex, it becomes harder and harder to have a good design. While it's not impossible, it does pose some challenges. The controls have to be simple yet clear and understandable to an untrained person. To do this, all of the key components such as mapping, affordance, constraints, feedback, etc. must be taken into consideration. Otherwise, a confusing device could be manufactured, causing frustration among users who try to use it.

Thursday, September 6, 2012

Paper Reading #5: Profanity Use in Online Communities

Profanity Use in Online Communities

Sara Owsley Sood
Computer Science Dept., Pomona College
185 East Sixth Street
Claremont, CA 91711
sara@cs.pomona.edu

Judd Antin, Elizabeth F. Churchill
Yahoo! Research
4301 Great America Parkway
Santa Clara, CA 95054
<jantin, echu>@yahoo-inc.com

The researchers in this paper studied the statistic behind profanity use in online communities and how much profanity blocking software succeeded or failed.


Most online profanity is actually spelled in unconventional manners. Such as substituting an '@' for the letter 'A' in a curse word. This means that the profanity blocking software cannot just simply block words that match a word in a database of "bad words". There are too many ways for curse words to be spelled. Other challenges that the software faces is users misspelling words that end up being blocked when they shouldn't be or how evolutionary online profanity has become.

The team of researchers gathered a data set from Yahoo! Buzz (social news site) over a 3 month time frame. This data set contains 1,655,131 comments among 168,973 unique threads. Meta data on the comments were also collected. Most common profanity blocking software work off a list of profane words due to easiness in implementation. However, this method relies on a constantly updated list of profane terms. Internet abbreviations are constantly evolving. Because of this, the lists do not get updated until a profane word or phrase become common enough to be a problem. Usually a person has to review the list and be the one to make changes to it. The data set showed a large percentage of the use of curse words, even with a profanity blocker enabled. Because of this, they concluded that current profanity anti-measures do not hold up well enough in the current age.

I thought this work was interesting. This has been a longstanding issue ever since online communities such as chat rooms and forum boards have emerged. Being a constant internet user, I find myself coming across online profanity on a frequent basis. While it doesn't bother, it has always made me curious as to what a profanity blocker will and won't block. It was also interesting to note that some people put a decent amount of effort into using profane words. It would seem like that a message would get across just as fine without the cursing but people would "go out of their way" just to use profanity by substituting characters, purposely misspelling words, or even adding spaces to their message to confuse the blocker. To me, this seems like a lot of effort just to use profane words.

Paper Reading #4: Corporate Career Presences on Social Network Sites: An Analysis of Hedonic and Utilitarian Value

Corporate Career Presences on Social Network Sites: An Analysis of Hedonic and Utilitarian Value

Franziska Brecht
Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin
Spandauer Str. 1, 10178 Berlin Germany
franziska.brecht@wiwi.hu-berlin.de

Andreas Eckhardt
Goethe-Universitat Frankfurt am Main
Gruneburgplatz 1, 60323 Frankfurt, Germany
eckhardt@wiwi.uni-frankfurt.de

Christian Berger
Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin
Spandauer Str. 1, 10178 Berlin, Germany
christian.berger@wiwi.hu-berlin.de

Oliver Gunther
Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin
Spandauer Str. 1, 10178 Berlin, Germany
guenther@wiwi.hu-berlin.de

The researchers tested to see what makes social networking sites successful in the business world. Several people participated in this study (470 people). One of the key focuses on this study was to see what hedonic and utilitarian values these social networking sites have.

The evaluations were mostly subjective and qualitative. The users would answer questions on a surveys about their experience in this test. A lot of the questions on the survey were simple yes or no. Due to the number of participants, the researchers had a wide set of data to analyze. The results showed that users enjoyed using social networking sites to find more information about a potential job. Lots of information could be available to active job seekers to get a good idea what a job is like before committing to it.

I found this work to be kind of odd. The subject matter seemed very difficult to try to quantify and study. The idea behind it isn't bad in my opinion, just difficult to study. Research has been done about social networking sites and how the play a role in businesses. While not new, I do believe the idea is still novel since it gives us a better idea as to why social networking sites are popular in the business world and why other businesses should adopt a site to use to help promote a business' recruitment.

Tuesday, September 4, 2012

Paper Reading #3: Voice Typing: A New Speech Interaction Model for Dictation on Touchscreen Devices

Voice Typing: A New Speech Interaction Model for Dictation on Touchscreen Devices

Anuj Kumar, Tim Paek, Bongshin Lee

Microsoft Research
One Microsoft Way
Redmond, WA 98052, USA
{timpaek, bongshin}@microsoft.com

Human-Computer Interaction Institute,
Carnegie Mellon University
Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
anujkl@cs.cmu.edu

The researchers introduced a new speech interaction model called Voice Typing. Voice Typing allows users' utterances to be transcribed as they are produced. This creates real-time error identification for in speech recognition software whereas other voice typing software only allows users to check or make corrections after their "speech". 



The users tested the software by in a email composition task. The users were asked to compose an email with a given structure. The email could be filled out by the users themselves. Each user composed 2 to 3 practice emails for each experimental condition (4 experimental conditions). Much of the data gathered was statistical. This included data such as number of substations, deletions, insertions made and how much was uncorrected. Users were also asked to rank the software qualitatively. 18 out of 24 users preferred Voice Typing over Dictation.

This isn't anything new, but that doesn't mean it wasn't interesting. The pros and cons in voice typing and dictation are interesting in that one can outweigh the other depending on the situation or problem. There are many other Voice Typing software programs out there, but there's also lots of room for improvement.

Paper Reading #2: The Normal Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS

The Normal Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS

Barry Brown
Mobile Life @ Stockholm University
SE-164, Kista, Sweden
barry@mobilelifecenter.org

Eric Laurier
School of Geosciences
University of Edinburgh, U.K.
eric.laurier@gmail.com

The researchers tested various ways that drivers follow directions (or try to) from GPS units. The researchers main argument was to not use the "docile driver" model. The "docile driver" model is where the driver unquestioningly follows the directions given by the GPS. They want to develop a way for the GPS to aid in driving while letting the drivers use their own knowledge of the routes and surrounding environment.



The researchers recorded video sessions of the driver and listened in on the recorded audio as well to see how the driver reacted. Some of the drivers followed the GPS directions to a T, while others did not. These results were subjected and qualitative.

The work to me was odd. I never really thought about reworking the GPS model, it usually seemed to work for me. I have had trouble in the past, especially with construction since the GPS may or may not know about some construction in a given area, thus giving directions to a route that may not be the best for reaching a certain destination. I wouldn't really consider this a novel idea. While it is new, it's not worth much in my eyes. There seems to be little to none applications for this.